How the Internet Works 🌐

We all use the internet daily — opening Google, watching YouTube, or checking Instagram. But have you ever wondered: what really happens when you type a website name and press Enter?
Let's understand this step by step in the simplest way possible.

1️⃣ IP Address: The Internet's House Number 🏠

ip-addressing

When we want to send data from one computer to another, we first need to know where to send it.
That's what an IP address does.
It's like a house number on the internet.
Every device (computer, phone, or server) has a unique IP address.

So your data now knows the "house" it needs to reach.

2️⃣ MAC Address: The Exact Flat 🏢

mac-address

Okay, we found the house. But inside a big building, there may be many flats. Which flat exactly?
That's where the MAC address comes in.
It's like the flat number inside the building.
It uniquely identifies a single device (your laptop, your phone, or even your Wi-Fi router).

Now the data knows exactly which device should receive it.

3️⃣ Port Number: The Right Room 🚪

port number

Great! The data reached the device. But wait—your device runs many apps at once.
So how does the data know whether to go to your browser, email app, or WhatsApp?
That's where the port number helps.
Think of it like a room inside the flat.

Example:
Port 80 → websites (HTTP)
Port 443 → secure websites (HTTPS)

Now, the data is delivered to the right app.

4️⃣ DNS: Turning Names into Numbers 📖

DNS

We don't type IP addresses like 142.250.190.78. Instead, we type names like www.google.com.
But computers only understand numbers. So we need DNS (Domain Name System).
DNS works like a phonebook.
You give it the name (google.com), it returns the number (IP address).

5️⃣ ISP and Routers: Finding the Fastest Path 🚦

isp

Alright, we have the IP address. But how do we travel there?
First, your request goes to your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Then it passes through routers, which are like traffic signals that decide the fastest route to the destination server.

6️⃣ The Server: The Warehouse of Data 🏬

server

Now your request reaches the server.
Think of a server as a warehouse storing website data.
It finds the right files and sends them back to you.

Usually, the server sends three main files:
HTML → the structure of the webpage
CSS → the design and look
JavaScript → the interactivity

7️⃣ Browser Rendering: The Final Picture 🖥️

Finally, your browser takes these files and assembles them—like putting Lego blocks together.
And boom! The webpage appears on your screen.

Quick Recap: The Internet Journey 🚀